Social Science helps us understand human societies, their complexities, and how to solve global problems like living in harmony, protecting the Earth, and building a better future. Unlike natural sciences such as physics or chemistry, Social Science focuses on people and their cultures, which are diverse and complex. Therefore, it cannot follow fixed methods or provide definitive results.
Instead of dividing the subject into subfields like history, geography, or economics, the curriculum is organized into five broad themes to make it easier for students to learn:
Class 6 Social Science New Textbook as per National Education Policy 2020 has only 14 chapters as per the new syllabus, which is divided into four Themes like History, Geography, Economics and Political Science.
Exploring Society India and Beyond Class 6 Social Science Solutions
| Theme | Chapters |
| Theme A — India and the World: Land and the People | 1. Locating Places on the Earth |
| 2. Oceans and Continents | |
| 3. Landforms and Life | |
| Theme B — Tapestry of the Past | 4. Timeline and Sources of History |
| 5. India, that is Bharat | |
| 6. The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation | |
| Theme C — Our Cultural Heritage and Knowledge Traditions | 7. India’s Cultural Roots |
| 8. Unity in Diversity, or Many in the One | |
| Theme D — Governance and Democracy | 9. Family and Community |
| 10. Grassroots Democracy – Part 1: Governance | |
| 11. Grassroots Democracy – Part 2: Local Government in Rural Areas | |
| 12. Grassroots Democracy – Part 3: Local Government in Urban Areas | |
| Theme E – Economic Life Around Us | 13. The value of Work |
| 14. Economic Activities Around Us |
A. India and the World: Land and the People
This theme introduces geography and how natural features like rivers, mountains, and oceans shape civilizations.
India has a unique geographical identity with towering mountains, vast plains, and mighty rivers that have shaped its history and culture. Learning about these features helps us understand why certain places became centres of civilization and how they influenced the way people lived.
Maps are a wonderful tool to learn about the physical world. They help us see the connections between nature and human life, such as how fertile lands near rivers support farming or how mountains affect settlement patterns. Geography teaches us to appreciate the role of nature in shaping our world and guides us in planning for the future.
Chapter 1. Locating Places on the Earth
This chapter explains how maps and coordinates help us locate places on Earth. Latitude and longitude form a grid to pinpoint locations precisely. The chapter also introduces time zones, the difference between local and standard time, and components of a map, such as scale, direction, and symbols, for better navigation.
1. Locating Places on the Earth
Chapter 2. Oceans and Continents
This chapter explores the Earth’s five oceans—Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic—and their role in regulating climate, providing rain, and supporting marine life. It also describes the seven continents—Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America—which host diverse ecosystems, human civilizations, resources, and influence trade, culture, and migration.
Chapter 3. Landforms and Life
Landforms such as mountains, plains, plateaus, deserts, coasts, and islands shape Earth’s surface and offer unique opportunities and challenges. Mountains provide resources and tourism but face harsh climates and landslides. Plains are fertile for farming yet prone to floods. Plateaus are rich in minerals but have limited water. Deserts and islands offer tourism and renewable energy potential but face resource scarcity and climate challenges. Coastal areas support fishing and trade but are vulnerable to natural disasters and erosion. Understanding and using these landforms sustainably is crucial for human development.
B. Tapestry of the Past
This theme focuses on history, helping us connect the past with the present. History explains who we are and where we come from. It teaches us about past achievements and mistakes, helping us avoid repeating errors. Through historical narratives, we understand the roots of our identity and culture.
Chapter 4. Timeline and Sources of History
This chapter explains how historical time is measured using calendars and timelines, with the Gregorian calendar being widely used today. Various sources help us understand history. Archaeological finds like pottery, coins, and monuments reveal ancient lifestyles and architecture. Literary sources, including manuscripts and travelers’ accounts, provide detailed insights into past events and cultures. Artistic sources like paintings and sculptures showcase aesthetics and beliefs, while oral traditions preserve community values and stories. Early humans lived as hunters and gatherers, used fire, created tools, and formed communities, eventually transitioning to farming and trade.
4. Timeline and Sources of History
Chapter 5. India, that is Bharat
The lesson explores India’s ancient names, diverse geography, and rich history. It highlights India as a land of trade, spirituality, and knowledge, drawing travelers worldwide. The significance of natural boundaries, cultural diversity, and historical references in texts like the Rig Veda and Mahabharata reveals India’s enduring identity and unity.
Chapter 6. The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation
The chapter explores the Indus-Sarasvati Civilization, highlighting its advanced urban planning, efficient drainage systems, impressive reservoirs, and vibrant trade networks. Harappans valued art, as seen in seals, figurines, and pottery, and had a rich cultural life with games and symbolic objects. Their civic sense, use of standardized weights, and continuity of traditions like wearing bangles reflect a highly organized society. Despite mysteries about their script and decline, their achievements continue to inspire awe and study.
6. The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation
C. Our Cultural Heritage and Knowledge Traditions
India’s culture is ancient and diverse. This theme explores its key principles, values, and traditions. It shows how culture has shaped India’s history and provides tools for addressing modern challenges. By studying cultural heritage, students gain an appreciation for India’s contributions to the world.
Chapter 7. India’s Cultural Roots
India’s cultural roots are deeply embedded in the ancient Vedas, which emphasize knowledge, truth, and harmony. The 1st millennium BCE saw transformative schools of thought like Buddhism, Jainism, and Upanishads, promoting values of non-violence, self-realization, and enlightenment. Folk and tribal traditions, rich in art, music, and storytelling, celebrate nature and community, enriching India’s cultural diversity. Together, these elements form the foundation of India’s unique and enduring cultural identity.
Chapter 8. Unity in Diversity, or Many in the One
India’s cultural roots are deeply embedded in the ancient Vedas, which emphasize knowledge, truth, and harmony. The 1st millennium BCE saw transformative schools of thought like Buddhism, Jainism, and Upanishads, promoting values of non-violence, self-realization, and enlightenment. Folk and tribal traditions, rich in art, music, and storytelling, celebrate nature and community, enriching India’s cultural diversity. Together, these elements form the foundation of India’s unique and enduring cultural identity.
8. Unity in Diversity, or Many in the One
D. Governance and Democracy
This theme explains how political systems, especially democracy, work in India and other countries. It explores the roles of citizens, their rights and responsibilities, and how governments function. Understanding democracy makes students more responsible citizens who can participate in decision-making at local and national levels.
Chapter 9. Family and Community
The chapter “Family and Community” focuses on the role of family and community in shaping individuals’ lives. It explores different family structures, such as nuclear and joint families, and their impact on daily life. It highlights how families teach values like love, respect, and responsibility. The chapter also discusses the significance of community support in addressing challenges, promoting safety, and providing help during tough times, such as natural disasters, illness, and celebrations, fostering unity and a sense of belonging.
Chapter 10. Grassroots Democracy – Part 1: Governance
The lesson explains the importance of democracy, where people elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. It covers the roles of the three organs of government—legislature, executive, and judiciary—and the need for three levels of government (central, state, and local) to ensure effective governance and public service.
10. Grassroots Democracy – Part 1: Governance
Chapter 11. Grassroots Democracy – Part 2: Local Government in Rural Areas
The lesson focuses on the importance of Panchayati Raj institutions, which are local self-governments in rural areas of India. These institutions help bring government closer to the people, allowing them to participate in decision-making processes. The Panchayati Raj system is divided into three levels: Gram Panchayat (village level), Panchayat Samiti (block level), and Zila Parishad (district level). These institutions address local issues, plan development activities, and implement government schemes like road building and water supply. They also promote democracy by enabling citizens to take part in governance and solve problems related to their community.
11. Grassroots Democracy – Part 2: Local Government in Rural Areas
Chapter 12. Grassroots Democracy – Part 3: Local Government in Urban Areas
The chapter explains the role of urban local bodies in cities and towns, focusing on decentralized governance. It highlights the importance of citizen participation. Municipal Corporation (for large cities), Municipal Council (for smaller towns) and Nagar Panchayat (for towns transitioning from rural to urban) with elected representatives manage local issues like sanitation, infrastructure, and public services. It compares urban local bodies to the Panchayati Raj system in rural areas, noting their similarities and differences in governance and responsibilities.
12. Grassroots Democracy – Part 3: Local Government in Urban Areas
E. Economic Life Around Us
This theme introduces basic economic concepts like money, resources, and livelihoods. It discusses how families and societies meet their basic needs, manage resources, and plan for economic growth. Students learn how economies function and why economic activities are vital for development.
Chapter 13. The value of Work
The lesson explains the difference between economic and non-economic activities. Economic activities involve earning money, like working in a factory or selling goods, while non-economic activities are done for personal satisfaction or social well-being, like volunteering or helping family. Both types of activities are essential for society, contributing to its growth, relationships, and overall well-being.
Chapter 14. Economic Activities Around Us
This Chapter introduces students to the different types of work that people do in our economy. It explains how various activities are grouped into three main sectors: the primary sector, where people work directly with natural resources; the secondary sector, where raw materials are turned into finished products; and the tertiary sector, which provides services to help people in other sectors. The chapter also shows how these sectors are interconnected and rely on each other for different needs.
14. Economic Activities Around Us
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