Welcome folks! When it comes to mastering Chapter 5, revision is essential. Our solutions to the end-text as well as in-text questions and a variety of extra questions are an excellent place to start. We advise that you work out the answers yourselves alongside studying our solutions. This ‘learning by doing’ approach helps in better understanding and retention of the material.
Find Answers to NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History Chapter 7 here
1. Match the following:
| garh | khel |
| tanda | chaurasi |
| labourer | caravan |
| clan | Garha Katanga |
| Sib Singh | Ahom State |
| Durgawati | paik |
Answer:
| garh | chaurasi |
| tanda | caravan |
| labourer | paik |
| clan | khel |
| Sib Singh | Ahom State |
| Durgawati | Garha Katanga |
2. Fill in the blanks:
(a) The new castes emerging within varnas were called ____________.
(b) _____________ were historical works written by the Ahoms.
(c) The ____________ mentions that Garha Katanga had 70,000 villages.
(d) As tribal states became bigger and stronger, they gave land grants to _________ and ________.
Answer:
(a) The new castes emerging within varnas were called jatis.
(b) Buranjis were historical works written by the Ahoms.
(c) The Akbar Nama mentions that Garha Katanga had 70,000 villages.
(d) As tribal states became bigger and stronger, they gave land grants to poets and scholars.
3. State whether true or false:
(a) Tribal societies had rich oral traditions.
(b) There were no tribal communities in the northwestern part of the subcontinent.
(c) The chaurasi in Gond states contained several cities.
(d) The Bhils lived in the northeastern part of the subcontinent.
Answer:
(a) True – The tribal people did not keep written records, but they had a rich oral tradition which was passed down to each new generation.
(b) False – The Balochis were a large and powerful tribe in the North-west part of the subcontinent
(c) False – Each Chaurasi was subdivided into Barhots which were made up of 12 villages each.
(d) False – The large tribe of Bhils were spread across western and central India.
4. What kinds of exchanges took place between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturists?
Answer:
TheNomadic pastoralists exchanged pastoral products such as milk, ghee, wool, etc., with settled agriculturists for grain, cloth, utensils and other products.
5. How was the administration of the Ahom state organised?
Answer:
The Ahom society was divided into clans or khels. A khel often controlled several villages. The peasant was given land by his village community and not even the king could deprive him of it without the community’s consent.
But by the first half of the seventeenth century, the administration became quite centralised and dependent upon forced labour. Those forced to work for the state were called ‘paiks’. A census of the population was taken. Each village was supposed to send a number of paiks by rotation. People from heavily populated areas were relocated to sparsely populated areas. As a result, the Ahom clans or khels broke up. Almost all adult males served in the army during war. At other times they were engaged in building dams, irrigation systems and other public works and also introduced new methods of rice cultivation.
6. What changes took place in varna-based society?
Answer:
As the economy and the needs of society grew, people with new skills were required. Smaller castes or ‘jatis’ arose within the varnas, even among the Brahamanas. Specialised artisans – carpenters, smiths and masons – were recognised as separate ‘jatis’ by the Brahamanas. On the other hand, many tribes and social groups were taken into the caste-based society and given the status of ‘jatis’ with the support of the Brahamanas. But only the leading tribal families were allowed to join the ruling class. The majority joined the lower ‘jatis’ of caste society. ‘Jati’ rather than varna became the basis for organising society.
7. How did tribal societies change after being organised into a state?
The emergence of large states changed the nature of the tribal societies. With the support of the Brahmanas many tribes became part of the caste system. But only the leading tribal families could join the ruling class, while the majority joined the lower ‘jatis’ of the society. So, the basically equal society of the tribals was transformed into unequal social classes. Brahamanas received land grants from rajas and grew more influential. The rajas in some cases wanted to be elevated to still higher status and the inclusive society of the tribals fell apart.
8. Were the Banjaras important for the economy?
Answer:
The Banjaras were the most important trader nomads. They collected food grains from different areas and transported it to the city markets on their bullocks. The caravan of the Banjaras was called tanda and consisted of thousands of bullocks. They bought food grain wherever it was cheaply available and carried them to places where they were dearer. Later, again they reloaded their oxen with anything that could be profitably sold in other places. In a tanda or caravan there could be approximately six to seven hundred people with profitable occupation. Thus, the Banjaras kept the wheels of economy moving.
9. In what ways was the history of the Gonds different from that of the Ahoms? Were there any similarities?
Answer:
The differences between the Gonds and the Ahoms were as follows:
The Gonds belonged to the vast forested region called Gondwana, whereas the Ahoms migrated from present-day Myanmar to the Brahmaputra valley in the thirteenth century, and created a new state by suppressing the system of the ‘bhuiyas’.
The Gonds practised shifting cultivation, but the Ahoms did not. They introduced new methos of rice cultivation.
The Gond society was basically an equal society, but the Ahoms had a system of forced labour called paiks who were drafted compulsorily from each village for a variety of public jobs.
The Gond society was not as developed as the Ahoms who were more sophisticated and encouraged poets and scholars by giving them grants. Historical works known as ‘buranjis’ were written first in the Ahom language, then in Assamese.
The Gonds did not use gun powder, but the Ahoms built a large state with the use of firearms and were even skilled in making high-quality gunpowders as well as canons.
The similarities between the Gonds and the Ahoms are as follows:
The Gond kingdom was divided into ‘garhs’ and each ‘garh ‘was controlled by a particular clan, the Ahom society was also divided into clans or ‘khels’ and a ‘khel’ often controlled several villages.
Both the Gond and Ahom societies underwent changes as they began to be influenced by the varna-based societies with whom they interacted. As the Brahamanas were given land grants and grew influential, and the kings desired to be elevated to higher castes, the society began to be divided into unequal social classes.
Both the Gond and Ahom kingdoms were so powerful and wealthy that they attracted the attention of the Moghuls who attacked them.
10. Plot the location of the tribes mentioned in this chapter on a map. For any two, discuss whether their mode of livelihood was suited to the geography and the environment of the area where they lived.
Answer:
Several tribes inhabited the subcontinent as may be seen from the map below:
Two tribes whose occupation was suited to the geographical area and environment where they lived are The Ahoms and the Gonds:
The Ahoms settled in the fertile Brahmaputra valley which experienced heavy rainfall. So, they introduced a new method of rice cultivation that required a lot of water. They built dams and irrigation systems. This is how they adapted to their environment in which they lived.
The Gonds lived in a vast forested region called Gondwana. They practised shifting cultivation by clearing patches of trees to make way for farming and cultivated the soil till it yielded good crops. They moved on to another piece of land after the soil had lost its fertility. Some of them also earned much wealth by gathering forest produce and specially by trapping and exporting wild elephants to other kingdoms. They also adapted to the geographical area which they occupied and made their livelihood by using the resources at their disposal.
11. Find out about present-day government policies towards tribal populations and organise a discussion about these.
Answer:
The government has taken several measures for the upliftment of tribal societies in an attempt to bring them into the mainstream.
Stress is laid on improvement of infrastructure in tribal areas, so new roads have been built, water supply and electricity lines have been laid to provide them with basic amenities.
Education is being spread with opening of new schools in tribal areas.
Training and coaching centres have been set up all over India by the government to help tribals secure good employment in future.
Reservations are enforced in government jobs which has enabled many tribal men and women to join the mainstream.
The Forest Rights Act grants tribal rights to secure individual and community ownership of landholding, exploitation and habitation in forests by the indigenous people of India.
The government also takes measures to protect and preserve the social and cultural traditions of the tribals.
12. Find out more about present-day nomadic pastoral groups in the sub-continent. What animals do they keep? Which are the areas frequented by these groups?
Answer:
Some of the present-day nomadic pastoral groups in the sub-continent are as follows:
Gaddi shepherds,living in Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, rear sheep and goats.
Gujjar Bakarwals living in Jammu & Kashmir mainly rear goats and sheep. In winter when the ground in the mountains is covered with snow, they come down to the Siwalik range with their herds.
The Changpa from Jammu and Kashmir, mainly Zanskar, rear yak.
The Bhutia in Sikkim rear cattle, sheep and goat.
Banjaras from Rajasthan travel long distances in search of pasture for their cattle.
The Jath from the Kutch district of Gujarat rear cattle and occasionally camels .
The Mer from the Saurastra region of Gujarat rear camels and also cattle. Types of livestock kept in mobile pastoral systems include buffaloes, sheep, goats, camels, cattle, donkeys, and yak among others.
Most of these pastoral groups move in search of fresh pastures. The groups which live in the mountainous regions graze their animals in the mountain pastures in summer, but before the onset of snow in winter they move to lower heights. For example, the Gujjar Bakarwals come down to the Siwalik range with their cattle. Other groups like the Banjaras often travel long distances in search of fresh pastures.
Solutions for In–Text Questions of NCERT Class 7 History Our Pasts ll Chapter 5 ‘Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities’
Textbook Page no 50
1. On a physical map of the subcontinent, identify the areas in which tribal people may have lived.
Hint: Tribes used to live in forests, hills, deserts and places different to reach. Therefore, you can search such areas on the physical map of the subcontinent and mark them.)
Textbook Page no 53
2. Find out how grain is transported from villages to cities at present. In what ways is this similar to or different from the ways in which the Banjaras functioned.
Answer:
At present grain is transported from villages to the cities in trucks or trains. These modes of transport are time-saving and more efficient that the bullock-carts which the Banjaras used to transport grains.
Textbook Page no 57
3. Discuss why the Mughals were interested in the land of the Gonds.
Answer:
The Moghuls were interested in the land of the Gonds for several reasons as discussed below:
- Gondwana or the land of the Gonds was strategically located in the centre of the subcontinent of India.
- The Moghuls had established their rule over the northern part of the subcontinent and were looking to expand their empire to the southern part as well. So, in order to reach the south, they first had to take control of the centrally located kingdom of the Gonds.
- Garha Katanga was a rich state. It earned much wealth by trapping and selling elephants to other kingdoms. Moreover, the forests in the area contained abundant resources which the Moghuls wanted to access.
Textbook Page no 58
4. Why do you think the Mughals tried to conquer the land of the Ahoms?
Answer:
The Moghuls tried to conquer the land of the Ahoms for the following reasons:
The Ahom kingdom was located in the north-east of the subcontinent.
- The Moghuls wanted to stretch the boundaries of their empire to cover the entire subcontinent, hence their interest in conquering the Ahom kingdom.
- The Brahmaputra valley was extremely fertile and a variety of crops were grown there.
- Moreover, the forests of the north east were rich in different kinds of produce and useful animals like elephants also inhabited the forests. The Moghuls were interested in acquiring all the wealth the Ahom kingdom possessed.
Textbook Page no 59
5. Imagine, you are a member of a nomadic community that shifts residence every three months. How would this change your life?
Answer:
If I were a member of a nomadic tribe, life would be interesting because every three months I would find myself in a new place with strange people speaking different languages and leading different lifestyles. Life would be unpredictable and full of adventure, there would never be a dull moment.
But I would not be able to attend a regular school because no school would admit me for three months only. So, either I would have to go to a boarding school or be home-schooled. Going to a boarding school would make me homesick because I would miss my family very much.
So, although my life would be adventurous and fun, my studies would be affected adversely.
Extra Questions NCERT Class 7 History Our Pasts ll Chapter 5 ‘Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities’
A. Multiple Choice type Questions (MCQ)
1. From what sources do historians learn about the different tribes?
(i) from written records
(ii) from oral traditions
(iii) From both (i) and (ii) above
(iv) None of the above
2. Which tribe was influential in Punjab during the 13th and 14th century?
(i) Bhil
(ii) Gond
(iii) Khokhar
(iv) Cheros
3. The Gonds were found in great numbers in the states of _________
(i) Madhya Pradesh
(ii) Maharastra
(iii) Chattisgarh
(iv) All of the above
4. The Banjaras were utilised by the Moghuls to transport ________ for the army.
(i) Guns
(ii) soldiers
(iii) food grain
(iv) None of the above
5. What did the rathakaras do?
(i) build forts
(ii) make weapons
(iii) make gunpowder
(iv) make chariots
6. The large Gond tribe was further divided into many smaller clans. Each clan had its own ____.
(i) language
(ii) name
(iii) army
(iv) raja or ‘rai’
7. Who was Sib Singh?
(i) a poet
(ii) a gond king
(iii) an Ahom King
(iv) None of the above
8. The rules of the varna system were framed by __________.
(i) the kings
(ii) the traders
(iii) The Brahamanas
(iv) None of the above
9. What are ‘buranjis’?
(i) tribesmen
(ii) utensils
(iii) historical works
(iv) None of the above
10. When did the Moghul forces attack Garha Katanga?
(i) 1565
(ii) 1523
(iii) 1662
(iv) 1581
Answer:
1. (ii) from oral tradtions
2. (iii) Khokhar
3. (iv) All of the above
4. (iii) food grain
5.(iv) make chariots
6. (iv) raja or ‘rai’
7.(iii) an Ahom King
8. (iii) The Brahamanas
9. (iii) historical works
10. (i) 1565
B. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the box to complete the following sentences:
| paiks | shifting | Raja Man Singh | jatis | tanda |
1. ____________, Akbar’s famous general attacked and defeated the Cheros in 1591.
2. The caravan of the Banjaras was called ____________.
3. The Gonds practised __________cultivation.
4. The Ahom state depended on forced labour. Those forced to work for the state were called
_________.
5. As the economy and the needs of the society grew, people with new skills were required. Smaller castes or _______emerged within varnas.
Answer:
1. Raja Man Singh, Akbar’s famous general attacked and defeated the Cheros in 1591.
2. The caravan of the Banjaras was called tanda.
3. The Gonds practised shifting cultivation.
4. The Ahom state depended on forced labour. Those forced to work for the state were called paiks.
5. As the economy and the needs of the society grew, people with new skills were required. Smaller castes or jatis emerged within varnas.
C. Match the words in column A with those in column B
| A | B |
| chaurasi | landlords |
| bhuiyans | The Gond raja of Garha Katanga |
| khel | Orissa and Bengal |
| Aman Das | clan |
| Mundas and Santals | 84 |
Answer:
| A | B |
| chaurasi | 84 |
| bhuiyans | landlords |
| khel | clan |
| Aman Das | The Gond raja of Garha Katanga |
| Mundas and Santals | Orissa and Bengal |
D. State whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE:
1.The chief of the Gakkars, Kamal Khan Gakkar was made a noble (mansabdar) by Emperor Akbar.
2. Historical works known as buranjis were written first in Ahom language and then in Sanskrit.
3. The tribes were not divided into numerous unequal classes.
4. Nomadic pastoralists got the things they needed through the barter system.
5. In the reign of Sib Singh, Islam became the predominant religion.
Answer:
1. True
2. False – Historical works known as Buranjis were written first in Ahom language and then in Assamese.
3. True
4. True
5.False – In the reign of Sib Singh Hinduism became the predominant religion, but the Ahom king did not give up their traditional beliefs after adopting Hinduism.
E. Very Short Answer type Questions:
1.Which tribes dominated in Multan and Sind till the Mughals subdued them?
Answer:
The Langahs and Arghuns dominated extensive regions in Multan and Sind.
2. Name a large and powerful tribe in the north-west.
Answer:
The Balocchis were a large and powerful tribe in the north-west of the continent.
3.Which tribes dominated the north -eastern part of the subcintinent?
Answer:
The Naga, Ahoms and many other tribes dominated the entire north -eastern part of the subcontinent.
4. Which tribe was very influential in Punjab during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries?
Answer:
The Khokhar tribe was very influential in Punjab during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
5. Name any two tribes which lived in the extreme South
Answer:
TheVetars and Maravars were large tribes in the extreme south.
6. What according to you are tribal societies?
Answer:
Societies which did not follow the rules and rituals prescribed by the Brahamanas and were not divided into unequal classes were tribal societies.
7.Who were the specialised artisans?
Answer:
The specialised artisans were the carpenters, smiths and masons.
8, Who controlled the Garh?
Answer:
Each garh was controlled by a particular gond clan.
9. Who was Durgawati?
Answer:
Durgawati was the daughter of Salbahan, the Chandel Rajput raja of Mahoba. She got married to Dalpat, the son of the Gond raja Aman Das.
10. Which title did Aman Das, the raja of Gond assume and why did he do so?
Answer:
Aman Das, the raja of Garba Katanga assumed the title of Sangram Shah because he wished to be recognised as a Rajput.
11. How did the kingdom of Garha Katanga become rich?
Answer:
The kingdom of Garha Katanga earned much wealth by trapping and exporting wild elephants to other kingdoms.
12. When did the Mughals attack the Ahom kingdom?
Answer:
The Mughals under Mir Jumla attacked the Ahom kingdom in 1662.
13. During the reign of which Ahom king did Hinduism become the predominant religion?
Answer:
During the reign of the Ahom king Sib Singh (1714-1744), Hinduism became the predominant religion.
14. On what basis do present-day historians write tribal histories?
Answer:
They use oral traditions and rich customs of the tribal people to write tribal histories.
15. What was compulsory for each village in the Ahom state?
Answer:
Each village in the Ahom state by rotation had to send a number of paiks who were used for public work.
F. Short Answer Type Questions:
1. What are the distinctive features of tribal societies?
Answer:
Members of each tribe were united by kingship bonds. Many tribes earned their livelihood through agriculture. Others were hunter-gatherers or herders. Most often they combined these activities to make full use of the natural resources of the area in which they lived. Some tribes were nomadic and moved from one place to another.A tribal group controlled land pastures jointly, and divided these amongst the households according to its own rules.
3. What was the difference between Brahmanical society and tribal societies?
Answer:
Brahmanical society was divided according to varna system differentiating between high and low castes, rich and poor. Tribal societies were not divided into numerous unequal classes and they followed the principle of mutually beneficial collective living.
3. What do you mean by paiks?
Answer:
The Ahoms depended upon the forced labour and those who were forced to work for the state were called paiks. Each village was required by rotation to send a number of paiks. They were utilised by the state for doing public works and were controlled by the state.
4. What do you understand by itinerant groups?
Answer:
There were many itinerant groups who moved from one place to another to sell their wares or skills to make a livelihood. Different castes of petty pedlars travelled from village to village. They made and sold their wares such as ropes, reeds, straw matting and coarse sacks. Sometimes mendicants acted as wandering merchants. There were also castes of entertainers who performed in different towns and villages for their livelihood. Craftspersons also travelled from place to place practising their different occupations.
5. Describe in brief the term ‘khel’ and the function of the khel in Ahom society
Answer:
Ahom society was divided into clans or khels. A khel often controlled many villages. They maintained harmony among the people. The khels formed the backbone of the administrative machinery of the state. The peasant was given land by his village community. Even the king could not take it away without the community’s consent.
7. Who were the Ahoms? How did they create a large new state?
Answer:
The Ahoms were the tribal people who migrated to the Brahmputra valley from present-day Myanmar in the 13th century. They created a new state by suppressing the older political system of the bhuiyans i.e. landlords. During the 16th century, they annexed the kingdoms of the Chhutiyas in 1523 and of Koch- Hajo in 1581. They also subjugated many other tribes. To build this state the Ahoms used firearms as early as 1530s. By the 1660s they could even make high quality gunpowder and cannon.
8. Who were the Banjaras? How did they make a living?
Answer:
The Banjaras were the most important trader-nomads. Their caravan was known as tanda. A tanda contained as many as six or seven hundred persons. They took their wives and children along with them. One tanda consisted of many families. They owned their oxen. They bought grain where it was cheaply available and carried it to places where it was dearer. From there, they again reloaded their oxen with anything that could be profitably sold in other places. The Banjaras did not travel more than 6 or 7 miles a day. They preferred cool weather. After unloading their oxen, they freed them to graze.
9. How were the Banjaras used by Sultan Alauddin Khilji and the Mughals?
Answer:
Sultan Alauddin Khilji used the Banjaras to transport grains to city markets. Under the Mughals the Banjaras carried grain on their bullocks from different areas and sold it in towns. The Mughal used them to transport foodgrains for the Mughal army during campaigns. With a large army, there could be 100000 bullocks carrying grain.
10. Give a brief description of the administrative system of Gond kingdom.
Answer:
The administrative system of the Gond kingdom was becoming centralized. The kingdom was divided into garhs and each garh was controlled by a particular Gond clan. This was again divided into units of 84 villages called chaurasi. The chaurasi was further subdivided into barhots which were made up of 12 villages each.
11. Who was Rani DurgawatL? How did she come to rule over Garha Katanga?
Answer:
Rani Durgawati was the daughter of Salbahan, The Chandel Rajput raja of Mahoba. She was married to Dalpat, the son of the Gond raja of Garha Katanga, Aman Das. Dalpat, however, died early. After his death, Rani Durgawati, being very capable, began to rule on behalf of her five-year-old son, Bir Narain. Under her able rule, the kingdom was extended even further. In 1565, when the Mughal forces under Asaf Khan attacked Garha Katanga, Rani Durgawati put up a strong resistance. However, she was defeated and she preferred to die rather than surrender.
12. What do present-day historians use to write tribal histories?
Answer:
The tribal people did not keep any written records barring a few exceptions. But they preserved their rich customs and oral traditions which were passed down to each new generation. Present-day
historians use such oral traditions and rich customs of the tribal people as their source to write the history of the tribals.
G. Long Answer Type Questions
1. Give an account of the tribal societies spread all over the subcontinent.
Answer:
Many large tribes thrived in different parts of the subcontinent.They usually lived in forests, hills, deserts, remote places which were difficult to reach.The tribes retained their freedom and preserved their separate cultures, but over time interaction with caste-based Brahmanical socities caused both societies to change. Tribal people were found in almost every region of the subcontinent as listed below:
- In Punjab, the Khokhar tribe was very influential during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Later, the Gakkhars became more important.
- In Multan and Sind, the Langahs and Arghuns dominated extensive regions before they were defeated by the Mughals.
- In the north-west, the Balochis were another large and very powerful tribe.
- In the western Himalayas, lived the shepherd tribe of Gaddis.
- The distant north-eastern part of the subcontinent too was entirely dominated by tribes such as the Nagas, Ahoms and many more.
- In many areas of present-day Bihar and Jharkhand by the twelfth century, Chero chiefdoms had emerged.
- The Mundas and Santals were among the other important tribes that lived in this region and also in Orissa and Bengal.
- In the Maharashtra highlands, Gujarat and Karnataka, Kolis, Berads and numerous others were found.
- Further south there were large tribal populations of Koragas, Vetars, Maravars and many others.
- Across western and central India, the large tribe of Bhils were spread. The Gonds were found in great numbers across the present-day states of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.
2. What do you know about the Ahom Society?
Answer:
Ahom society was divided into clans or Khels. There were very few castes of artisans, so artisans in the Ahom areas came from the nearby kingdoms. A Khel often controlled several villages. The peasant was given land by his village community. Even the king could not take it away without the community’s consent.
Originally, the Ahoms worshipped their own tribal gods. But during the first half of the 17th century the influence of the Brahmanas increased. The king granted land to temples and Brahmanas. During the reign of Sib Singh (1714-1744), Hinduism became the predominant religion. But the Ahom kings did not shed their traditional beliefs even after adopting Hinduism.
Ahom society was very sophisticated. Poets and scholars were given land grants. Theatre was encouraged. There was a lot of intellectual activity. Important Sanskrit works were translated into the local language so that they would be understood by all. Historical works known as ‘buranjis’ were also written first in Ahom language and then in Assamese.
Frequently asked Questions (FAQs) on NCERT Class 7 History Our Pasts ll Chapter 5 ‘Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities’
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The NCERT Class 7 Our Pasts-II Chapter 7 covers NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History Chapter 5 ‘Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities’ discusses the following topics:
Tribal societies. Who were tribal people?
How did Nomads and Mobile People Live?
New Castes and Hierarchies.
The Gonds and the Ahoms.
A representative sample of important questions that students can expect is provided below:
1. What kinds of exchanges took place between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturists?
2. Which tribe was very influential in Punjab during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries?
3. What made Garha Katanga a rich state?
4. What do present-day historians use to write tribal histories?
5. Mention some special features of tribal societies.
6. How did the tribal people earn their livelihood?
7. Write a brief note on the administrative system of the Gond kingdom.
8. Who were the Ahoms? How did they build a large state?
9. Give a brief account of the tribal people found in different parts of the subcontinent.
10. What do you know about the Ahom Society?
11. How did the nomadic pastoralists earn their living?
12. Were the Banjaras important for the economy?
13. What changes took place in varna-based society?
14. How did tribal societies change after being organised into a state?
Well-written, accurate and insightful solutions to each and every question in the book including the thought – provoking in-text questions and a host of extra questions designed to test your understanding and grasp over the topic.
Clear and detailed analysis of the main points are provided by our team of experts.
Comprehensive coverage of the topic which will help you recall details, so it is a one-stop solution for your revision.
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